Events of the Battle of Lake Erie, War of 1812

The Battle of Lake Erie was fought Sept. 10, 1813, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). Fleets Commanders: US Navy Master Commandant Oliver H. Perry3 brigs, 5 schooners, 1 sloop Royal Navy Commander Robert Barclay2 ships, 2 brigs, 1 schooner, 1 sloop Background Following the capture of Detroit in August 1812 by Major General Isaac Brock, the British took control of Lake Erie. In an attempt to regain naval superiority on the lake, the US Navy established a base at Presque Isle, PA (Erie, PA) on the recommendation of experienced lake mariner Daniel Dobbins. At this site, Dobbins began building four gunboats in 1812. The following January, Secretary of the Navy William Jones requested that two 20-gun brigs be constructed at Presque Isle. Designed by New York shipbuilder Noah Brown, these vessels were intended to be the foundation of the new American fleet. In March 1813, the new commander of American naval forces on Lake Erie, Master Commandant Oliver H. Perry, arrived at Presque Isle. Assessing his command, he found that there was a general shortage of supplies and men. Preparations While diligently overseeing the construction of the two brigs, named USS Lawrence and USS Niagara, and providing for Presque Isles defense, Perry traveled to Lake Ontario in May 1813, to secure additional seamen from Commodore Isaac Chauncey. While there, he participated in the Battle of Fort George (May 25-27) and collected several gunboats for use on Lake Erie. Departing from Black Rock, he was nearly intercepted by the recently-arrived British commander on Lake Erie, Commander Robert H. Barclay. A veteran of Trafalgar, Barclay had reached the British base of Amherstburg, Ontario on June 10. After reconnoitering Presque Isle, Barclay focused his efforts on completing the 19-gun ship HMS Detroit which was under construction at Amherstburg. As with his American counterpart, Barclay was hampered by a perilous supply situation. Upon taking command, he found that his crews were comprised of a motley mix of sailors from the Royal Navy and Provincial Marine as well as soldiers from the Royal Newfoundland Fencibles and 41st Regiment of Foot. Due to American control of Lake Ontario and the Niagara Peninsula, supplies for the British squadron had to be transported overland from York. This supply line had been disrupted previously in April 1813 due to the British defeat at the Battle of York which saw a shipment of 24-pdr carronades intended for Detroit captured. Blockade of Presque Isle Convinced that construction of Detroit was on target, Barclay departed with his fleet and began a blockade of Presque Isle on July 20. This British presence prevented Perry from moving Niagara and Lawrence over the harbors sandbar and into the lake. Finally, on July 29, Barclay was forced to depart due to low supplies. Due to the shallow water over the sandbars, Perry was forced to remove all of Lawrence and Niagaras guns and supplies as well as employ several camels to sufficiently lessen the brigs draft. The camels were wooden barges that could be flooded, attached to each vessel, and then pumped out to further raise it in the water. This method proved laborious but successful and Perrys men worked to restore the two brigs to fighting condition. Perry Sails Returning several days later, Barclay found that Perrys fleet had cleared the bar. Though neither Lawrence or Niagara was ready for action, he withdrew to await the completion of Detroit. With his two brigs ready for service, Perry received additional seamen from Chauncey including a draft of around 50 men from USS Constitution  which was undergoing a refit at Boston. Departing Presque Isle, Perry met with  General William Henry Harrison at Sandusky, OH before taking effective control of the lake. From this position, he was able to prevent supplies from reaching Amherstburg. As a result, Barclay was forced to seek battle in early September. Sailing from his base, he flew his flag from the recently completed Detroit and was joined by HMS Queen Charlotte (13 guns), HMS Lady Prevost, HMS Hunter, HMS Little Belt, and HMS Chippawa. Perry countered with Lawrence, Niagara, USS Ariel, USS Caledonia, USS Scorpion, USS Somers, USS Porcupine, USS Tigress, and USS Trippe. Commanding from Lawrence, Perrys ships sailed under a blue battle flag emblazoned with Captain James Lawrences immortal command, Dont Give Up the Ship which he uttered during USS Chesapeakes defeat by HMS Shannon  on June 1813. Departing Put-in-Bay (OH) harbor at 7 a.m. on Sept. 10, 1813, Perry placed Ariel and Scorpion at the head of his line, followed by Lawrence, Caledonia, and Niagara. The remaining gunboats trailed to the rear. Perrys Plan As the principal armament of his brigs was short-range carronades, Perry intended to close on Detroit with Lawrence while Lieutenant Jesse Elliot, commanding Niagara, attacked Queen Charlotte. As the two fleets sighted each other, the wind favored the British. This soon changed as it began to lightly blow from the southeast benefiting Perry. With the Americans slowly closing on his ships, Barclay opened the battle at 11:45 a.m. with a long-range shot from Detroit. For the next 30 minutes, the two fleets exchanged shots, with the British getting the better of the action. The Fleets Clash Finally at 12:15, Perry was in a position to open fire with Lawrences carronades. As his guns began pummeling the British ships, he was surprised to see Niagara slowing rather than moving to engage Queen Charlotte. Elliots decision not to attack may have been the result of Caledonia shortening sail and blocking his path. Regardless, his delay in bringing Niagara allowed the British to focus their fire on Lawrence. Though Perrys gun crews inflicted heavy damage on the British, they were soon overwhelmed and Lawrence suffered 80 percent casualties. With the battle hanging by a thread, Perry ordered a boat lowered and transferred his flag to Niagara. After ordering Elliot to row back and hasten the American gunboats which had fallen behind, Perry sailed the undamaged brig into the fray. Aboard the British ships, casualties had been heavy with most of the senior officers wounded or killed. Among those hit was Barclay, who was wounded in the right arm. As Niagara approached, the British attempted to wear ship (turn their vessels). During this maneuver, Detroit and Queen Charlotte collided and became entangled. Surging through Barclays line, Perry pounded the helpless ships. Around 3:00, aided by the arriving gunboats, Niagara was able to compel the British ships to surrender. Aftermath When the smoke settled, Perry had captured the entire British squadron and secured American control of Lake Erie. Writing to Harrison, Perry reported, We have met the enemy and they are ours. American casualties in the battle were 27 dead and 96 wounded. British losses numbered 41 dead, 93 wounded, and 306 captured. Following the victory, Perry ferried Harrisons Army of the Northwest to Detroit where it began its advance into Canada. This campaign culminated in the American victory at the Battle of the Thames on Oct. 5, 1813. To this day, no conclusive explanation has been given as to why Elliot delayed in entering the battle. This action led to a life-long dispute between Perry and his subordinate. Sources â€Å"Battle of Lake Eerie .†Ã‚  Bicentennial  , battleoflakeerie-bicentennial.com/. â€Å"The Battle of Lake Erie.†Ã‚  National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, www.nps.gov/pevi/learn/historyculture/battle_erie_detail.htm. â€Å"The Battle of Lake Eerie .†Ã‚  War of 1812-14, war1812.tripod.com/baterie.html.

How to Work Your Gps Free Essays

London Colorado Technical university Online HOW To work your GASP unit Before we place your unit on you, we will go over how to charge it and listen to messages. Your unit does have to be charged at least two hours a day. You can charge it an hour in the morning an hour at night. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Work Your Gps or any similar topic only for you Order Now You can break It up into 30 minute intervals, as long as you charge It a minimum of two hours a day. You can never overcharge Just don’t undercharge It. First, you are going to plug In the power supply into a wall outlet. Pull down the dust cover from the charging port. Next, you are ongoing to connect the power cord to the charging port. The blinking light will go solid and the unit will make a happy sound when there is a good connection. The unit itself will start beeping when the battery is fully charged. Once you hear this, disconnect the power cord, the unit will make the sad sound. Replace the dust cover and you are done charging. Now your officer can communicate with you thru this unit. They can send messages that say â€Å"Call your officer now, remember your appointment, pay your fees immediately, report to the office immediately and low battery, recharge unit. In order to hear whatever message your officer sends to you, you will need to acknowledge the message. When your officer sends a message to your unit, you will hear a continuous beeping sound. Between beeps, gently place your finger on the indentation about the charging port. You are going to lightly flick It, like you are flicking water. The unit will then play the message. Walt until you hear the full message, and then flick the indentation once again to acknowledge you heard the message. If you don’t, the message will continue to play until you do. Depending on what the message is, your officer will know you received the message and will expect for you to do that action. If it says â€Å"call your officer now’ or â€Å"low battery, recharge unit† you have 15-20 minutes to call them or charge unit. If It says report to the office Immediately, you have 45 minutes to an hour to report. If It says this I would call your officer to let them know you are on your way. K, this little tower Is your beacon box. It has its own internal batteries, so you do not need to charge it. It has a blinking green light on it. If this light goes out, you need new batteries. This helps your unit recharge faster and helps to triangulate your signal within your souse. First, you need to find a central location in your home. You are going to place your beacon at least three feet off the ground on a solid surface. Do not place on floor. Place the beacon with the green battery light facing the room so the light can be easily seen. Do not place the light facing a wall. You need to keep the beacon away from direct sunlight, mirror, metal, and appliances. Do not cover the beacon with anything. Any questions? Alright, you are ready to go. Stay out of trouble and have a great day! Charging port and dust cover Indents Zion to acknowledge message. Beacon Box How to cite How to Work Your Gps, Papers

Street Racing free essay sample

Created by the Los Angele Police Dept to curb the ever growing street racing problem using street racers to do it. Fight fire with fire. Now the Los Angeles Sheriffs Dept is in charge of opening up Brotherhood Raceway. The Los Angeles Police Deptartment realized that at the street races all genders and ethnic background got along, racism was eleminated through wheels, hence the brotherhood IMO:My Two Cents- I am a street racer, and have been for 25 plus years. Now lets talk about a 15-17 year old kid who does not have the best judgment and make a traffic mistake, or a 17-25 year old who also makes a mistake, but should those traffic mistakes make him or her a convicted felon. Street racing goes on all over the U. S. and is so underground right now that you would not know it is even going on. We raced on the NEWS one mile from the police station. The NEWS reporters had been at that same police station the night before interviewing the cops and the cops said they did not have a street race problem in their town, or one that they knew off. We are not the ones on the NEWS lately, the ones on the NEWS today are the stop light to stop light high school crowd who have recently lost their lives answer a challenge from someone they do not even know. In the 50s the Santa Ana Police department came up with a solution to get street racers off the street and it turn into the NHRA. In the 70s LAPD also started up an organization to curb street racing. Don Garlits, Shirley Mulldowney, Don The Snake Prudome, Larry Dixion, Corey Mac, (Corey Mac was street racing around Orange County and Larry was also doing it in SFV around the same time street racing in the Valley was getting out of hand) The founder of NHRA Wally Parks to name a few were all street racers, today they would be criminals. Shirley Muldowney. In fact she became somewhat of a notorious local street racer in the early days, but was quickly drawn to a growing form of auto competition called drag racing. From: Shirley Muldowney Biography Page WALLY PARKS NHRA Founder n his high school years, he became active in building stripped-down Model-Ts for use on the street From: NHRA Media: NHRA Founder Wally Parks Street racing started as early as the early 40s, by 1950s Wally Parks got together with the local police to try and organize street racers, and it became the NHRA. So Cal had some great tracks to race on and street racing was at its low, but then property value went up a nd out went the dragstrips, and in came the street race problem again, we have come full circle again. 60 years later and still have the same problem, but we know the cure and are unwilling to use it. Willie has told the mayor he could be up and running in a matter of weeks, it was up to the mayor to give him the OK. So the mayor has assigned someone from his office to work with Willie and to go over the land site. As Willie said to the mayor, there is nothing to go over I am ready to get started. But it is still the mayors call so we wait and keep calling his office and asking when is Terminal Island going to open? A soon as Terminal Island closed, San Fernando Rd in the SFV got busy, Compton and Main got busy, Alameda and Del Amo in Carson got busy, 4 lanes in City of Industry got busy (1 mile from the police station) Santa Ana Rd in Ontario got busy, Sand Canyon Rd in Irvine got busy, Nabisco in Buena Park got busy, The Box Factory in Whittier got busy, Aviation Rd near LAX got busy, Edwards in Anaheim got busy, Dale Rd and Commonwealth behind Fullerton Airport got busy, 210 frwy in San Dimas got busy (before they finished it), Bolsa Chica and Westmister Bl in Seal Beach got busy. Bolsa Chica and Bolsa near Skylab Rd in Huntington Beach got busy (Yeah NASA and again a police station a couple miles away). And there is a lot I am sure I missed, and not to worry about rat-ing out these sites, major busts happen at most of these places, and others dont exist any more, but after T. I. shut down street racing exploded again, and is still going on. That is Terminal Islands track we are talking about, it was a street racers track, if you look at the cars in the staging lanes, the street cars out number the full race cars in the evening hours. During the day the race cars would use the track, during the night the street racers used the track. When T. I. (Terminal Island) was open, street racing in Los Angeles, San Fernando, Ontario, Riverside and Orange County areas were down to null. Its city politics that keep them from opening it back up, they would rather spend millions on a street racer task force then the track. Why? Well, the task force is paid by the federal government, so the extra cops dont show on the city budget and they use these cops for other things including drug busts. In drunk driving (as many people will know) the drunk usually goes home in cuffs with a few scratches while the other cars passengers families are notified by an officer in the middle of the night. Sources: www. madd. org and www. NHRA. com The street racers I know do not condone street racing, but they do street race. It is more orginized but still just as dangerous and illegal. The street racers that make the news are the ones getting killed/or killing someone racing from stop light to stop light. I think it is a normal reaction when you are young to answer the challenge even if you are not a street racer. We had a solution it was Terminal Island. Now San Deigo had took the same steps and started Quailcom. They gave an alternitive to street racing, a place to answer the challenge. Here is how the did it. With funding from the California Office of Traffic Safety, both RaceLegal. com and San Diego Police Departments Drag Net Unit were formed with the express intention of addressing San Diegos epidemic of illegal street racing activity. A grass root community based coalition entitled the Closing the Loop approach to intervention was also developed. The coalition involved city/county government, law enforcement, Bureau of Automotive Repair, Superior Court, City Attorney, District Attorney, county probation and the safer and sanctioned track alternative to street RaceLegal. com. The award-winning program to redirect would-be street racers into organized drag racing. RaceLegal has a grant of $350,000 from the California Office of Traffic Safety. With funding from the California Office of Traffic Safety, both RaceLegal. om and San Diego Police Departments Drag Net Unit were formed with the express intention of addressing San Diegos epidemic of illegal street racing activity. A grass root community based coalition entitled the Closing the Loop approach to intervention was also developed. The coalition involved city/county government, law enforcement, Bureau of Automotive Repair, Superior Court, City Attorney, District A ttorney, county probation and the safer and sanctioned track alternative to street. The highly successful RaceLegal program hosts Friday night runs at Qualcomm Stadium. Through the middle of 2003, RaceLegal was run out of a San Diego State University program founded by Dr. Stephen Bender. When Bender decided to retire, he also decided to shift the program from the control of San Diego State to the city of San Diegos Traffic Division. Our purpose in this paper is to inform people of what is going on in So Cal. Things start here, positive or negitive, and end up spreading like a cancer to other states. Dragracing claims to have started on the West Coast. So Cal had more Dragstrips than anywhere else, and then for a while there were none, all were closing. A new interest in dragracing has developed today and more tracks are starting to open up again. One track in particular is Terminal Islands Brotherhood Raceway, whose purpose was to get street racers off the street, and did it effectively for many years. City ** politics closed it down 11 times, and it is on its 12th time of reopening again, after 13 years of being closed. There are many naysayers out there, but if this track serves as an example as how not to give up, and a track in another part of the country opens up, well, that would make it worth while to post it. Sorry there is a lot of rhetoric, but many are posts from other forums and re-posted threads that may not make as much sense if edited. Many members of the Brotherhood of Street racers from as far back as the 70s have moved all over the country. They were a part of history and like to have the heads up on current activity with the Brotherhood. This is just some history of what has been going on and how many people have helped from the Los Angeles Sheriffs Department, Los Angeles Police Department, Los Angeles city coincil members, to the Mayor of Los Angeles to name a few. We are even getting a little help from Teamsters and residents of the various streets that are being used as race tracks. I wish I was a writer and could make it more clear, but Im not, and it its very raw but very real. All constuctive criticisim is welcomed. I have reuinited with many street racers through many forums, cause car guys are car guys, even if they are into different cars, different types of racing, or just into cruising. At Brotherhood Raceway all were welcome and all got along. It was a place were the head of the notorious Crips gang got along with a head engineer from Genral Motors. Jim Wagner, head advertising from Pontiac fequented the track to name a few. ) Stop the violence, increase the peace. -Big Willie Robinson. In the Los Angeles area we have experienced many street racing deaths since a certain track that was located in the Habor of Los Angeles was closed. For ten years now, Big Willie has been fighting to get this historic track reopened. It has closed dow n 11 times in 30 years and now, today it looks like it will reopen before summer or even before next month. The reason this track is different is that it opens on Friday evening and does not close till Monday morning. Many street racers have trouble getting to the track after work and then being frustrated with only getting only one or two runs before the track closes. 2nd many street race cars do not pass NHRA tech. So they go and race on the street. This track is a street racer track. Nobody is turn away, but NHRA rules are suggested and in the long run most racers start to value their lives and start adding the safety equipment. On the street no matter how mush saftey equipment you have, it is no match for a telephone pole. Trying to get this track open is a lot of work from a lot of people, I, myself, have been to many meetings on the streets with different groups, and am attending Nieghborhood Watch meetings plus working a job, so sometimes I dont have the time to post an original post, so I post what has been posted on other boards to try to inform people on what is currentlly going on with the openinng of Terminal Islands Brotherhoood Raceway.

Psychology Of The Internet Essays - Social Psychology, Collaboration

Psychology Of The Internet The Psychology of the Internet A Report on the Book by Patricia Wallace Summary of the Book Today, the internet is a growing community. Millions of people from all over the world go online everyday to check email, research, shop, or even just interact with someone halfway around the world. As this community grows, so does the number of interactions between people. The Psychology of the Internet examines the psychology of new behavior produced by this novel method of human communication. It also delves into the business sector of the internet and how certain companies are using this medium to increase productivity within their companies and corporations. Analysis of the Book The book provides several examples of how the internet can affect the quality of an organizations production. When used in the appropriate manner, the internet can facilitate interaction between a group 24 hours a day and is only limited by the availability of a telephone line. The idea that a person must be in work and at his desk for production is becoming more obsolete as companies realize the potential of the internet. One impressive way the internet can help companies is the workgroups that can be formed internationally. A workgroup is a group of employees striving to achieve the same objective. In the traditional sense, these groups are formed in a room with notepads for each person to help them brainstorm and meetings at regular intervals until the project is complete. The internet revolution is changing all of that. The workgroups are no longer governed by the geographical positioning of its members. I found this particularly interesting because the idea of having a supervisor in Manila, a Research and Development team in Cebu, and a sales group in the United States is becoming more of a feasible possibility than ever before. The internet can also help employees overcome inhibitions that they may not be able to in person. This is due, in part, to the amount of social cues that are lost over a computer. In a chat room, for example, the two employees might know nothing about each other, other than the information they provide about themselves. Therefore, any type of social stereotypes (i.e. sexism, racism, bigotry) is less prevalent than if perceived in the real world. If the employees have never met, social irritations may not be as readily triggered than if in person. For example, if I am irritated by a person who stutters when he speaks, the chances that he will do so over the internet are relatively low. This allows me to concentrate solely on the task at hand and not be distracted by insignificant things. The book speaks of how the internet groups, in the absence of social cues and orders, had to find a group identity online. In other words, the lack of social cues also has its drawbacks. Even if the members of the workgroups concede personal information about themselves, such as their race or ethnicity, the other members might have no physical basis for the connection. So if I wanted to bond with a co-worker who was a Filipino in California, I would more likely do it in person than online. This is due to the lack of human contact and the perception that I am merely interacting with my computer and not a real person. With this in mind, workgroups must find new bases for forming group coherence. The book speaks of the studying of several different multinational workgroups. All were given the same objectives to be completed in a given amount of time. However, only a few of the groups completed the task while only one group did it in the allotted amount of time. The study showed that the groups that failed lacked consistent interaction. After the initial meeting, the members of the group did not log on regularly to converse with the group. Emails were exchanged intermittently among these groups as well. The book states that the main reason these groups failed was that the interaction, already reduced by the lack of human interaction on the computer, was limited to almost nothing. On the other hand, the group that fared the best was noted as having the most email interaction and regular group

Paper Example

Paper Example Paper – Case Study Example Teacher Should Google, Yahoo, Bing or any similar search company be required by the U.S. government to block any companies who illegally sell patentable products or copyright material? Ideally they should be blocked. But how can they enforce it? Raid every company that is alleged to sell illegal patentable products or copyright material? It just cannot be done or even if the government will try, they will just fail. Because as long as there is a demand for counterfeit products and/or products that has illegal patent or copyright, there will always be companies who will sell them. Even assuming for the sake of argument that United States government will be successful in blocking them, these companies will just move their operation somewhere else and still be able to sell because the reach of the internet is global. What is to be done? Blocking companies is not enough and not effective. What should be done is to discourage demand. If there is no demand for those illegal products, there will be no companies selling them. It has to be noted that business is always stimulated by demand. Currently there are already efforts along these lines. Of course we see government raids on illegal companies but there are also information drives that discourage consumers to use them. There are a number of reasons cited that could range from use of child labor, inimical to industry, use to finance other illegal activities etch. These efforts may not have totally stopped companies selling illegal patentable products or copyright material but they are effective in reducing the demand. If these efforts will become pervasive and consistent, demand will eventually stop and these companies will cease to exist. This is better than blocking companies who sell illegal copyrighted materials.

Personal Development Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal Development Plan - Essay Example By becoming responsible, one develops leadership qualities and is capable of making decisions according to requirements. Time management skills allow the individual to conduct multi-tasking and reap high benefits from conducting tasks in minimum time (Stephenson and Weil, 1992). The graphs depicted in MS Excel will allow the overall scenario to be analyzed in a consistent manner. The stated goals will be achieved by developing a proper plan and accordingly by setting objectives for achieving the goal. The timeline needs to be designed and by maintaining log entries the path towards achieving the goals can be accomplished (Megginson and Whitaker, 2003). The resources that may be required for achieving the goals are reading books about leadership and learning how to become responsible, attaining seminars and workshops for time management skills and lastly learning The timeline excel tool through a tutor or any computer institute. The progress of the skill development can be measured through practical experiences such as managing time in between different projects, working out on MS Excel and analysing the decision making capability, and lastly ensuring that all work is undertaken with full responsibility. The time scale and action plan will depict the success achieved in developing the goal.  During the final years of the degree program, the results would be evident about the success of professional development goals.  Ã‚  

Antibiotic sensitivity Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Antibiotic sensitivity - Lab Report Example The third section contains the results generated from the lab report while the fourth section contains the discussions of the results generated herein. The last section has the conclusion on the overall matters discussed I the entire paper Antibiotic sensitivity is also referred to as the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria to a given antibiotics. Susceptibility tests are conducted, in laboratories, to investigate which antibiotics would be suitable for treating a bacterial infection in question (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 2002; Lalitha, Manayani, Priya, Jesudason, Thomas, & Steinhoff, 1997). Various methods have been developed by scientists to help in testing for sensitivity/ susceptibility of bacteria to a given antibiotic. These methods include the CDS method (Murray, 1990), the Stokes method (Hiramatsu, Hanaki, Ino, Yabuta, Oguri, & Tenover, 1997), the E- test method (Lalitha, Manayani, Priya, Jesudason, Thomas, & Steinhoff, 1997), and Agar and Broth method (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002) among others. These methods can be categorized as quantitative methods (Hamilton-Miller & Shah, 2000), qualitative methods (Tait-Kamradt, Davies, Appelbaum, Depardieu, Courvalin, & al., 2000), automated susceptibility tests (Malbruny, Werno, Anderson, Murdoch, & Leclercq., 2004), newer non- automated susceptibility tests (Chu, Afzah-Shah, Huang, Palepou, & Lyon, 2001), and the molecular tests (Kirby, Sader, Walsh, & Jones, 2004). Each of the listed tests above is applicable in either of the two cases of bacterial resistance. Bacteria exhibit two kinds of resistance to antibiotics; these are the intrinsic resistance and the acquired resistance. Intrinsic resistance is a condition whereby the bacteria are naturally resistant to a given antibiotic even before its use. Acquired resistance, on the other hand, is acquired by